要素投入结构与农业全要素生产率增长

基于加总数量框架,采用乘积完备的Hicks-Moorsteen指数将农业全要素生产率(TFP)增长分解为技术进步、技术效率变化、规模效率变化和混合效率变化,要素投入结构变化通过改变混合效率,进而影响农业TFP增长。结果表明,技术进步是中国农业TFP增长的最主要驱动因素,要素投入结构变化的影响,在时空上存在较大差异,其对农业TFP增长的促进与抑制效应并存。从时间维度看,1994—2016年要素投入结构变化对农业TFP增长有促进作用。从空间维度看,东部地区要素投入结构变化是农业TFP增长的重要驱动因素之一,而中部地区仅在1994—2016年要素投入结构变化提高了农业TFP增长,西部地区仅在1978—1984年对农业TFP增长有正效应。     

不同药剂组合对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果

马铃薯晚疫病是马铃薯生产中的重要病害,是影响马铃薯产量和品质的重要因素之一,在云南春作马铃薯上普遍发生,且危害较重,给当地马铃薯产业带来了巨大的经济损失。为减轻马铃薯晚疫病对马铃薯生产造成的损失,试验研究了11种药剂7种药剂组合(包衣剂+保护剂+治疗剂)通过播种期种薯包衣,现蕾期叶面喷施一次保护剂,发病初期和发病中期叶面各喷一次治疗剂的方法防治马铃薯晚疫病。结果表明,药剂组合种薯包衣+甲霜·锰锌+氟吡菌胺·霜霉威的防治效果最好,防治效果达到60.99%,增产率176.28%,增效率152.27%;其次是种薯包衣+霜脲·锰锌+氟吡菌胺·霜霉威组合,防治效果达到60.15%,增产率173.20%,增效率150.55%。这2个药剂组合对马铃薯晚疫病均有极显著的防治效果,增产增效明显。     

食源性单核细胞增生李斯特菌lmoF2365_0037基因克隆及序列分析

为了对食源性单核细胞增生李斯特菌LM5567的lmoF23650037基因进行克隆和序列分析。试验利用PCR方法对lmoF23650037基因进行扩增,连接pMD19-T载体进行克隆,筛选阳性菌株进行测序比对分析。结果显示:扩增获得的lmoF23650037基因序列长为548 bp,克隆得到lmoF23650037基因的阳性转化子;生物信息学分析表明:lmoF23650037蛋白属于跨膜蛋白,无信号肽序列;二级结构中无规则卷曲和延伸链比例较大,分别是46.31%和32.89%;序列比对结果表明,LM5567株lmoF23650037基因核苷酸序列与02-6680株(4b,奶酪,加拿大)、10-0811株(1/2b,螃蟹,加拿大)、10-0809株(4b,粪便,加拿大)、81-0558株(4b,脑脊髓液、加拿大)、02-1103株、02-1792(4b,奶酪,加拿大)、81-0861株(4b,卷心菜,加拿大)相似性均为100%;LM5567 lmoF23650037基因编码的氨基酸序列与上述菌株相似性均为93.3%。本试验成功克隆了lmoF23650037基因,为进一步探究lmoF23650037基因的功能奠定了基础。     

武汉主汛期小时降水变化

为了加强对武汉市主汛期降水气候和气候变化特征的了解,使用统计方法分析武汉市1955—2015年汛期小时降水数据。结果表明：武汉主汛期降水量443.5 mm,降水小时149 h,降水日数22.7天,降水强度19.5 mm/d;主汛期降水量05时最多28.9 mm,降水发生概率最大是04时13.1%,最小21时8.3%;主汛期内小时降水强度05时最大3.6 mm/h,16时最小1.9 mm/h;降水量、降水强度呈上升趋势,主汛期第3旬的降水强度增加趋势明显。城市防汛抗内涝应更多关注小时降水变化。     

猪床垫料与"替抗"的诡辩

1概念解析随着我国畜牧业的飞速发展,畜禽粪便成了环境的最大污染源,对环境的污染愈发严重。为控制粪便污物的排放,创造良好的生态养殖条件,国家大力推广发酵床养殖技术,发酵床主要是由有机垫料组成,垫料原料通常包括秸秆、锯末、木屑等,将其平铺与猪舍内,猪养于其上,排泄物排至垫料上,经微生物发酵,可实现粪污的低排放、低污染[1-2]。     

Exploring tropical fisheries through fishers’ perceptions: Fishing down the food web in the Tonlé Sap,Cambodia

Tropical fisheries are among the most productive fisheries in the world, often providing the primary source of protein for the local population. Despite their importance, data on these systems are relatively limited, thus hampering management and policy development. Here, the implications of increasing fishing pressure are explored by critically evaluating the perceptions of the fishers who rely on these ecosystems to survive. A total of 169 fishers in 26 different fish‐dependent communities in the Tonlé Sap Lake, Cambodia, were surveyed to understand their perceptions of the impact that fishing has had on the ecosystem. The Tonlé Sap is one of the largest, yet poorest studied, freshwater fisheries in the world. Consistent with “fishing down the food web” theory of fisheries, survey data revealed that although fishers observed the total size of fish catch remaining consistent over recent years there has been a drastic decline in the size of individual fish, as well as a reduction in the diversity of species caught. These perceptions are examined with reference to food web theories that explore how fishing pressure leads to ecosystem change, including the more recent “indiscriminate fisheries” theory.     

High-resolution fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of a pituitary microtumor in a dog

A 16-year-old, castrated, male English cocker spaniel dog was presented due to generalized alopecia. Routine clinical pathology, endocrine and abdominal ultrasonography results were consistent with a diagnosis of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. The adenohypophyseal lesion was clearly visualized on both 3 T and 7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary gland. Although biochemical and MRI findings were consistent with a functional pituitary microtumor, a pituitary lesion was not detected using ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). This report firstly describes the application of high-resolution FDG-PET to a spontaneous pituitary microtumor in a dog.